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Go to your nose, ear and throat doctor to clean your children's wax off their ears. Do not do it yourself! Also consult the doctor if there's any need for ear drops.

Ask your doctor for gases, gums and general soothing medications.

Prepare the children's vaccines book basic details in advance (name, address, weight, height, etc), history of diseases, drugs that the kids took or still taking, vaccines, the number of the attending doctor. It's recommended to make insurance for the kids.

Give your children to drink a lot of water two days prior to the flight, and take with you a litter and a half bottle of boiled water. Drinking the water in the bathrooms abroad is forbidden.

Gear: Distributing packets of milk substitutes, feeding bottles with disposable bags, drinking glasses phonetically driven drizzle - for babies at the age of six months and above, watery personality + straws, disposable aprons, pacifiers, and the most important thing: their most favorite toy.

Don't forget to take for your children their drugs, wet wipes, skin protection lotion, antibiotic creams, anti allergy and pills provoking vomiting (in case of poisoning). Remember that kids tend to vomit during long trips, therefore you should equip those who sit in the back of the car with available nylon bags in case of uncontrollable vomiting, and you should take drugs against nausea.   You should advice your family doctor about this.

Pick a hotel that has programs for children that are safe and have educational control. Pick a hotel that allows you to have appropriate suites or adjoining rooms (and if possible, a linking door + key).

Accommodation in a rented house or vacation village is not recommended. It's better to stay at hotels with as less as movements between hotels as possible. Order the rooms for the hotels from your home country.

When renting a car, choose a car big enough to suffice all your equipment and make sure there is a special chair for the baby. Bring a baby carrier and check it if it's comfortable at home.

Airlines give excellent services and preferential treatment to families with small children. For example: when they start raising the passengers to the plane, they let families with the small children get inside first, then the disabled, and only then everybody else according to rows. There are even airports with children or/and babies rooms. You can search for them.

In the check-in before the flight, make sure they have a baby seat and ask for it (insist even) right away (whoever asks first, gets it), or ask for a proper hammock, but be prepared to have the baby on your knees. In swirls of air pockets, and in take-offs and landings, the baby mustn't be in the hammock.

Before you enter the airport, give identification tags to the big children and stickers to the babies, and write on them all the information needed: where are you from, where are you flying to, and the most important, phone numbers where you could be reached as soon as possible.

Have your important documents somewhere comfortable and easy to be retrieved when you hold your child at your hands.

When you're in the line for the security/passports check, ask at the counter if they can accept you immediately. You should ask if there are special arrangements for families with babies (like family rooms and boarding arrangements). They usually give priority to passengers with small children. If you are with several babies, each parent should take one or two babies under his control, in order to prevent fights. In case the plane doesn't have hammock, you should have a sea mattress with a blanket.

Try changing the babies' diapers before you take-off because inside the plane it is very complicated and crowded. If there's no other choice, have one parent inside the bathroom, and the other parent outside to watch and take care that no one bothers.    

Take with you everything you need for the flight: soft food that the kids love just in case they don't love the meal they get in the plane, a glass with a straw, an amount of enough disposable diapers, wet towels, toys or dolls that the kids love (the ones they still sleep with especially) and etc.

For the bigger children, it's recommended to take coloring books, color pencils (not pens), colorful stickers, a reading book that they love, and an mp3 player with their favorite songs.

Recommendation: share the bigger children about choosing the gear, and you can even give each and every one of them a small bag where you could storage their equipment.

Dress the children/babies with comfortable clothes.

It's very recommended to give the kids gums or candy in order to balance the pressures that were made in situations like these.

Babies tend to cry when the plane starts to lower since they cannot release the painful pressure in their ears during landing, therefore its best to feed them or give them a drink during that time.

Give your kids to sit near the window at the plane. It improves their feeling and allows them to enjoy the flight.

Encourage the kids to drink a lot of water during the flight, since the air at the plane is very dry.

In Boeing advances planes models, like the 777 or 747 or 400, there are special movies channels for children and a channel with a map showing them the flight's route. Show them these channels, they will feel happier knowing the flight's progress.         

EL-AL flights: EL-AL flight attendants go through special training taking care of children including children that flight without escort. Also, EL-AL pilots are glad to have children in the cockpit after landing, in case it is possible.

Babies' Ear pressure could be release using a pacifier or drinking from a bottle. But in order to avoid it, you should put babies' earplugs before you take-off or land (not water sealed).

Take in account that the baby might not sleep through the entire flight, and if he does, he might sleep on your knees the entire flight (it's not so comfortable at trans-atlantics flights).

If you're flying a connection flight, its recommended to take a light caring cart (that will be loaded to the cargo once you reach the entrance of the plane, but its best to check ahead with your travelling agent if that's fine with the airline).

For long distance flights, we advocate you make a layover for a full day, near the airport.

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Born in Corning, Iowa, Carson grew up in Norfolk, Nebraska. He left college after one year to join the United States Navy, being commissioned an ensign. He joined the U.S. Navy on June 8, 1943, as an apprentice seaman enrolled in the V-5 program, which trained Navy and Marine pilots.

He hoped to train as a pilot, but was sent instead to Columbia University for midshipman training. He performed magic for classmates on the side. Commissioned an ensign late in the war, Carson was assigned to the USS Pennsylvania, a battleship on station in the Pacific. He was en route to the combat zone aboard a troopship when the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki brought the war to a close.

The Pennsylvania was torpedoed on August 12, 1945 and Carson reported for duty on August 14  the last day of the war. Although he arrived too late for combat, he got a firsthand education in the consequences of war. The damaged warship sailed to Guam for repairs, and as the newest and most junior officer, Carson was assigned to supervise the removal of 20 dead sailors. He later served as a communications officer in charge of decoding encrypted messages. He recalls that the high point of his military career was performing a magic trick for Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal.

He began his performing career in 1950 at WOW radio and television in Omaha, Nebraska. He appeared on radio with Ken Case, an Omaha native who was later a news anchor and sportscaster in Monroe, Louisiana. Carson soon hosted a morning television program called The Squirrel's Nest. One of his routines involved interviewing pigeons on the roof of the local Court House that would allegedly report on the political corruption they had seen. Carson supplemented his income by serving as master of ceremonies at local church dinners, attended by some of the same politicians and civic leaders that he had lampooned on the radio. The wife of one of the political figures owned stock in a radio station in Los Angeles and referred Carson to her brother, who was influential in the emerging television market in Southern California. Carson went to work at CBS-owned Los Angeles television station KNXT. He would later joke that he owed his success to the birds of Omaha.

In 1953, comic Red Skelton  a fan of Carson's sketch comedy show Carson's Cellar, which appeared from 1951 to 1953 on KNXT  asked Carson to join his show as a writer. Skelton once accidentally knocked himself unconscious an hour before his show went on the air live. Carson filled in for him.

Carson hosted several shows before The Tonight Show, including the game show Earn Your Vacation (1954), and the variety show The Johnny Carson Show (1955-1956). He was a regular panelist on the original To Tell the Truth until 1962, and hosted the game show Who Do You Trust? (1957-1962), where he met his future sidekick Ed McMahon.

In 1960, Carson was considered to play TV writer "Rob Petrie" in a sitcom by Carl Reiner called Head of the Family. Reiner starred in the pilot, but it was decided that someone else should play the role. However, on the suggestion of producer Sheldon Leonard, Dick Van Dyke was given the part, and the series was retitled The Dick Van Dyke Show. He was also a guest star in two episodes of Get Smart!

The Tonight Show

This section may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Please consider moving more of the content into sub-articles and using this article for a summary of the key points of the subject. (January 2010)

Carson became host of NBC's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in October 1962, after Jack Paar left the previous March. His announcer and sidekick was Ed McMahon throughout the program. His opening line, "Heeeere's Johnny" became a hallmark.

Most of the later shows began with music and the announcement "Heeeeeere's Johnny!", followed by a brief monologue by Carson. This was often followed by comedy sketches, interviews, and music. Carson's trademark was a phantom golf swing at the end of his monologues, aimed stage left where the Tonight Show Band was. Guest hosts sometimes parodied that gesture. Bob Newhart rolled an imaginary bowling ball toward the audience.

Paul Anka wrote the theme song ("Johnny's Theme"), a reworking of his "Toot Sweet", given lyrics, renamed "It's Really Love," and recorded by Annette Funicello in 1959. Anka gave Carson co-authorship and they split the royalties for three decades.

The show was originally produced in New York City, with occasional stints in California. It was not live in its early years, although during the 1970s, NBC fed the live taping from Burbank to New York via satellite for editing (see below). The program had been done "live on tape" (uninterrupted unless a problem occurred) since the Jack Paar days. In May 1972 the show moved from New York to Burbank, California. Carson often joked about "beautiful downtown Burbank" and referred to "beautiful downtown Bakersfield," which prompted Mayor Mary K. Shell to chide Carson and invite him to her city to see improvements made during the early 1980s.[citation needed]

After July 1971, Carson stopped doing shows five days a week. Instead, on Monday nights there was a guest host, leaving Carson to do the other four each week. Shows were taped in Burbank at 5:30pm (8:30 pm Eastern time) to be shown that evening at 11:30pm Eastern time. On September 8, 1980, at Carson's request, the show cut its 90-minute format to 60 minutes; Tom Snyder's Tomorrow added a half hour to fill the vacant time. Joan Rivers became the "permanent" guest host from September 1983 until 1986, when she was fired for accepting a competing show on Fox without consulting Carson. The Tonight Show returned to using guest hosts, including comic George Carlin. Jay Leno then became the exclusive guest host in fall 1987. Leno stated that although other guest hosts upped their fees, he kept his low, assuring himself the show. Eventually, Monday night was for Leno, Tuesday for the Best of Carson, rebroadcasts usually of a year earlier but occasionally from the 1970s.

Carson had a talent for quick quips to deal with problems. If the opening monologue fared poorly, the band would start playing "Tea for Two" and Carson danced, to laughs from the studio audience. Alternately, Carson might pull the boom mike close to his face and announce "Attention K-Mart shoppers!"

Carson's show was the launch for many performers, notably comedians. Many got their break on the show, and it was an achievement to get Carson to laugh and be called to the guest chair. Carson was successor to The Ed Sullivan Show as a showcase for all kinds of talent, as well as continuing a vaudeville-style variety show.

In 1973, Carson had a run-in with psychic Uri Geller. Carson, a magician, wanted a neutral demonstration of Geller's abilities, so, at the advice of his friend and fellow magician James Randi, he gave Geller spoons and asked him to bend them with his psychic powers. Geller proved unable, and his appearance on The Tonight Show has been regarded as Geller's fall from glory.

Carson successfully sued a manufacturer of portable toilets who wanted to call its product "Here's Johnny".

On December 13, 1976, comedian Don Rickles was a guest when comedian Bob Newhart guest-hosted. While poking fun at Newhart and improvising an "immigration" bit, Rickles stamped an imaginary passport, slamming the cigarette box Carson kept on his desk and breaking it. When Carson returned the next night and discovered this, he took a camera crew to the studio next door where CPO Sharkey, a sitcom starring Rickles, was being taped. Carson barged into the studio, shouting, "RICKLES!" He disrupted the taping, berating the embarrassed Rickles with a barrage of insults, in imitation of Rickles's act. Carson also teased CPO Sharkey's African-American actor Harrison Page by speaking to him in an exaggerated southern dialect. The entire incident appeared to be spontaneous, but comedy writer Mark Evanier published an opinion: "Carson's show was taped in Studio 1 at NBC Burbank. The Rickles sitcom was in Studio 3, where Leno now tapes ... While Johnny did his best to make it all look spontaneous and unarranged, it had to have been carefully planned. Rickles probably was not in on it and may have been genuinely surprised, but Johnny's producers and director must have been prepared for what transpired, and the producers of CPO Sharkey almost certainly knew. At the moment Johnny entered, Don just 'happened' to be shooting on the set closest to that door. The surprise wouldn't have worked as well if they'd been on one of the other sets. It wouldn't have worked at all if they'd been between scenes or taping a portion of the show that Rickles wasn't in."

An oft-repeated story  since dismissed as an "urban legend"  involved a guest appearance by Zsa Zsa Gabor carrying a white Persian cat. Gabor is said to have asked Johnny if he would like to "pet my pussy?" During a 1989 appearance, Jane Fonda noted that her son had repeated the claim, and "my son said that you said, uh, 'I'd love to, if you'd remove that damned cat!' Is it true?" Carson denied the episode on-air saying, "No, I think I would recall that..." He and Gabor both responded to researchers stating the event "never happened." Despite widespread insistence by people who claim to have seen the episode, no audio or video has ever been produced.

However, a bit of adult humor was not beyond Carson. During an interview with Dolly Parton, in reference to her large bust, she said, "People are always asking if they're real and ... I'll tell you what, these are mine." Carson replied, "I have certain guidelines on this show. But I would give about a year's pay to peek under there." Unlike the alleged Gabor exchange, videotape of the Parton interview survives and has been rebroadcast several times during Tonight Show retrospectives.

In a 1980 Rolling Stone article, Carson caused quite a public backlash when he called the Brian Wilson-penned (Beach Boys) song "Johnny Carson" from 1977's Love You album "not a work of art". Wilson wrote the song tribute citing the fact no such song had existed previously about the 'king of late night'.

Carson made several routine jokes at the expense of other celebrities, like Wayne Newton (after Newton had performed on Carson's show several times). Newton claimed in his 1991 autobiography, among other times including a 1989 interview with Phil Donahue, that the circumstances led to a confrontation in Carson's dressing room where Newton threatened a physical altercation if Carson didn't cease the barrage of jokes with homosexual connotations. In a November 29, 2007 interview on Larry King Live, Wayne Newton said, "I'm going to say something I've never said on television, Mr. King. Johnny Carson was a mean-spirited human being. And there are people that he has hurt that people will never know about. And for some reason at some point, he decided to turn that kind of negative attention toward me. And I refused to have it."

Another famous feud came on the heels of an appearance by iconic author Truman Capote in 1966. The diminutive writer was already embroiled in a public feud with fellow novelist Jacqueline Susann when he told Johnny  and millions of viewers  that Susann looked "like a truck driver in drag." The remark was not censored from the broadcast, and made headlines the next day. Capote subsequently issued a public apology  to truck drivers.

Carson reportedly loathed what he felt was disloyalty among friends. The comedian was displeased when former "Tonight Show" guest hosts John Davidson and Joan Rivers got their own talk shows. Rivers' FOX show directly competed with Carson during the 1986-1987 season, but died a quick death. On June 24, 2009 following Ed McMahon's death, Rivers lauded McMahon on "Larry King Live" but stated that Carson "never again spoke to me, up to his death". Another guest host, Jay Leno, was treated coolly for being perceived as ushering Carson into retirement. Leno's agent ignited the then false rumor in Hollywood circles that Carson's retirement was pending, and Leno was heir to the "Tonight Show". Carson vowed not to return to the show while Leno headed it, and indeed would make his final TV appearance about a year after his retirement on the competing Late Show with David Letterman.

Some of Carson's good-natured barbs were directed at his friends. Ronald Reagan's hair and Frank Sinatra's temper and mob connections were frequent topics. Carson humorously chided Nancy Reagan for falling down and "breaking her hair."

Comic characters

Carson as the character "Carnac the Magnificent"

Carson played several continuing characters on sketches during the show, including

Art Fern, the "Tea Time Movie" announcer (always selling strange or shoddy merchandise). The character was based on late-show TV hosts who would deliver commercials throughout the movie. Carson originally played the fast-talking huckster in his own voice (as Honest Bernie Schlock or Ralph Willie), and finally settled on a nasal, high-pitched, smarmy drone reminiscent of Jackie Gleason's "Reginald Van Gleason III" character. The character, now permanently known as Art Fern, wore a lavish toupee, loud jackets, and a pencil mustache. Actress Carol Wayne became famous for her 100-plus appearances (1971-1982) as Art's buxom assistant, the Matine Lady. While Art gave his spiel, she would enter the stage behind him. Art would react to her attractive body, wincing loudly, "Ho  leeeee!". After Carol Wayne's death in 1985, Carson kept Art Fern off the air for most of the next year, and finally hired Danuta Wesley and then Teresa Ganzel to play the Matine Lady. Carson also used these sketches to poke fun at the intricate Los Angeles interstate system, using a pointer and map to give confusing directions to shoppers (often including points where he would unfold the cardboard map to point out, via the appropriate picture, when the shopper would arrive at "the fork in the road". Another freeway routine in the same theme centered around the somewhat uniquely named "Slauson Cutoff." Art Fern would advise drivers to take some road until they reached the Slauson Cutoff, and then "Cut Off Your Slauson!", often accompanied by the audience to peals of laughter, led by McMahon).

Carnac the Magnificent, a turbaned psychic who could answer questions before seeing them. (This same routine had been done by Carson's predecessor, Steve Allen, as "The Question Man.") Carnac had a trademark entrance in which he always turned the wrong direction when coming onto stage and then "tripped" on the step up to Carson's desk. (In one episode, technicians rigged Carson's desk to fall apart when Carnac fell into it.) These comedic missteps were an indication of Carnac's true prescient abilities. Ed McMahon would hand Carnac a series of envelopes, containing questions. Carnac would place each envelope against his forehead and predict the answer, such as "Gatorade." Then he would read the question: "What does an alligator get on welfare?" Some of the jokes were feeble, and McMahon used pauses after terrible puns and audience groans to make light of Carnac's lack of comic success ("Carnac must be used to quiet surroundings"), prompting Carson to return an equal insult. McMahon would always announce near the end, "I hold in my hand the last envelope," at which the audience would applaud wildly, prompting Carnac to pronounce a comedic "curse" on the audience, such as "May your sister elope with a camel!" (In fact, "Carnac the Magnificent" was the stage name Johnny used in his magic act as a youth.)

Floyd R. Turbo American (with no pause between words). A stereotypical redneck wearing a plaid hunting coat and cap, who offered "editorial responses" to left-leaning causes or news events. Railing against women's rights in the workplace, for example, Turbo would shout, "This raises the question: kiss my Dictaphone!"

Aunt Blabby, a cantankerous and sometimes amorous old lady, invariably being interviewed by straight man Ed McMahon about elder affairs. McMahon would innocently use a common expression like "check out," only to have Aunt Blabby warn him, "Don't say 'check out' to an old person!" Aunt Blabby was an obvious copy of Jonathan Winters most famous creation, Maude Frickert, including her black spinster dress and wig.

El Mouldo, a mentalist, who would attempt to perform mind-reading and mind-over-matter feats, all of which failed. Often his tricks would include an attempt to bilk money from Ed McMahon or would end with him begging for money.

Carson uncensored on satellite

Even though Carson's program was based in Burbank, NBC's editing and production services for the program were located in New York, resulting in the requirement that Carson's program be transmitted from Burbank to New York. Beginning in 1976, NBC used the Satcom 2 satellite to do this, feeding the live taping (which usually took place in the early evening) directly to New York, where it would be edited prior to the normal broadcast. This live feed lasted usually from two to two-and-a-half hours a night, and was uncensored and commercial-free. During the commercial breaks the audio and picture would be left on, capturing at times risque language and other events that would certainly be edited out later going out over the feed.

At the same time, however, satellite ground stations owned by private individuals began to appear, and some managed to find the live feed. Satellite dish owners began to document their sightings in technical journals, giving viewers knowledge of things they were not meant to see. Carson and his production staff grew concerned about this, and pressured NBC into ceasing the satellite transmissions of the live taping in the early 1980s. The satellite link was replaced by microwave landline transmission until the show's editing facilities were finally moved to Burbank.

Business ventures

Carson was a major investor in the ultimately failed DeLorean Motor Company. Founder John DeLorean was involved in a drug scandal, causing Carson's guest Red Skelton to quip, "The DeLorean, is that a hopped-up car?"

Carson was head of a group of show business people and businessmen who purchased and operated two television stations  channel 5 KVVU-TV in Henderson, Nevada, serving Las Vegas, now owned by Meredith Broadcasting, and channel 23 KNAT in Albuquerque, New Mexico. KVVU had been the earliest Las Vegas independent station and was sort of a local in-joke for its threadbare operation and ragtag program lineup. Many thought it ironic that a leading entertainer like Carson, along with Sal Durante, Neil Simon and others, would own such a station. There was talk at the time that the station would become the NBC affiliate, as then long-time affiliate KORK-TV was in the process of being replaced by KVBC-TV, but it never happened. KNAT started at exactly the wrong time. Several new channels  2, 9, 11, 14, and 23  were starting up in the southwest and the competition for good syndicated shows was fierce. KNAT was later sold to Trinity Broadcasting.

Carson's other business ventures included a successful clothing line, through which his turtlenecks became a fashion trend, and a failed restaurant franchise.

Retirement

Carson retired from show business on May 22, 1992, when he stepped down as host of The Tonight Show. His farewell was a major media event, and stretched over several nights. It was often emotional for Carson, his colleagues, and the audiences, particularly the farewell statement he delivered on his 4,531st and final Tonight Show:

And so it has come to this: I, uh  am one of the lucky people in the world; I found something I always wanted to do, and I have enjoyed every single minute of it. I want to thank the gentlemen who've shared this stage with me for thirty years, Mr. Ed McMahon  Mr. Doc Severinsen  and  you people watching, I can only tell you that it has been an honor and a privilege to come into your homes all these years and entertain you  and I hope when I find something that I want to do, and I think you would like, and come back, that you'll be as gracious in inviting me into your home as you have been. I bid you a very heartfelt good night.

NBC gave the role of host to the show's then-current permanent guest host, Jay Leno. Leno and David Letterman were soon competing on separate networks.

Post-retirement appearances

Carson, 1994

At the end of his final Tonight Show appearance, Carson indicated that he might, if so inspired, return with a new project, but instead chose to go into full retirement, rarely giving interviews and declining to participate in NBC's 75th Anniversary celebrations. He made the occasional cameo appearance, including voicing himself on a 1993 episode of The Simpsons ("Krusty Gets Kancelled"), telephoning David Letterman on a November 1993 episode of Late Show with David Letterman, and appearing in the 1993 NBC Special Bob Hope: The First 90 Years. On May 13, 1994, Carson appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman. During a week of shows from Los Angeles, Letterman was having Larry "Bud" Melman (Calvert DeForest) deliver his "Top Ten Lists" under the guise that a famous personality would be delivering the list instead. On the last show of the week, Letterman indicated that Carson would be delivering the list. Instead, DeForest delivered the list, insulted the audience (in keeping with the gag), and walked off to polite applause. Letterman then indicated that the card he was given did not have the proper list on it and asked that the "real" list be brought out. On that cue, the real Johnny Carson emerged from behind the curtain (as Letterman's band played "Johnny's Theme"), an appearance which prompted a standing ovation from the audience. Carson then requested to sit behind Letterman's desk; Letterman obliged, as the audience continued to cheer and applaud. After some moments, Carson departed from the show without having spoken to the audience. He later cited acute laryngitis as the reason for his silence. This night turned out to be Carson's last television appearance.

Letterman

Just days before Carson's death, it was revealed that the retired "King of Late Night" occasionally sent jokes to Letterman. Letterman would then use these jokes in the monologue of his show, which Carson got "a big kick out of" according to Worldwide Pants, Inc., Senior Vice-President Peter Lassally, who formerly produced both men's programs; he also claimed that Carson had always believed Letterman, not Leno, to be his "rightful successor". Letterman frequently employs some of Carson's trademark bits on his show, including "Carnac" (with band leader Paul Shaffer as Carnac), "Stump the Band," and the "Week in Review."

Personal life

Carson was born in Corning, Iowa, to Homer "Kit" Lloyd Carson, a power company manager, and Ruth Hook Carson. He grew up in southwest Iowa until the age of 8, when the family moved to Norfolk, Nebraska. There he learned to perform magic tricks, debuting as "The Great Carsoni" at 14. He attended Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi, where he received V-12 officer training, and then served in the Navy from 1943-1946. He served in USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) in the final days of the war. Carson then attended the University of Nebraska in Lincoln where he joined Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, graduating with a bachelor of arts degree in radio and speech with a minor in physics in 1949.

Despite his on-camera demeanor, Carson was famously shy off-camera. In fact, he was referred to as "the most private public man who ever lived".

Marriages

Carson married his college sweetheart Joan "Jody" Wolcott on October 1, 1949. The marriage was volatile, with infidelities by both parties, finally ending in divorce. They had three sons. Their son Richard died in a car accident on June 21, 1991.

In 1963, Carson got a "quickie" Mexican divorce from Joan and married Joanne Copeland on August 17, 1963. After a protracted divorce in 1972, Copeland received nearly half a million dollars in cash and art and US$100,000 a year in alimony for life.

Joanne Copeland recently discovered 39 episodes of the debut season of The Johnny Carson Show which were originally telecast in 1955 and 1956. She then made an arrangement with Shout! Factory to produce and distribute selected programs on DVD. The two-disk DVD set contains Johnny's "top 10" episodes. Johnny's first wife Joan and the couple's three sons appear in the first episode on the DVD.

At the Carson Tonight Show's 10th anniversary party on September 30, 1972, Carson announced that he and former model Joanna Holland had been secretly married that afternoon, shocking his friends and associates. Carson kidded that he had married three similarly named women to avoid "having to change the monogram on the towels." A similar joke was made by Bob Newhart during Carson's roast by Dean Martin. On March 8, 1983, Holland filed for divorce. Under California's community property laws, she was entitled to 50 percent of all the assets accumulated during the marriage, even though Carson earned virtually 100 percent of the couple's income. (Since, under the community property provisions of California law, each party legally earns half for themselves and half for their spouse.) During this period, he joked on The Tonight Show, "My producer, Freddy de Cordova, really gave me something I needed for Christmas. He gave me a gift certificate to the Law Offices of Jacoby & Meyers." The divorce case finally ended in 1985 with an 80-page settlement, Holland receiving $20 million in cash and property.

Carson married Alexandra Mass on June 20, 1987; Johnny was 61, Alexis 35.

Children

Carson's son from his first marriage, Richard, died on June 21, 1991, when his car plunged down a steep embankment along a paved service road off Highway 1 near Cayucos, a small town north of San Luis Obispo. Apparently, Richard had been taking photographs when the accident occurred. Carson was deeply shaken by his son's death. On his first show after Ricky's death, he gave a stirring tribute in the final minutes of his show as samples of his son's photographic work (and images of Ricky, himself) were displayed with the music accompaniment of "Riviera Paradise" by blues guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan. In addition, the final image  as well as some "More To Come" bumpers  of Carson's last show in May 1992 featured a photo Richard had taken.

Donations

In 1981, Carson created the John W. Carson Foundation, dedicated to supporting children, education and health services. The Foundation continues to support charitable causes.

In November 2004, Carson announced a $5.3 million gift to the University of Nebraska Foundation to support the Hixson-Lied College of Fine and Performing Arts' Department of Theatre Arts, which created the Johnny Carson School of Theatre and Film. Another $5 million donation was announced by the estate of Carson to the University of Nebraska following his death.

Carson also donated to causes in his hometown of Norfolk, including the Carson Cancer Center at Faith Regional Health Services, the Elkhorn Valley Museum, and the Johnny Carson Theater at Norfolk Senior High School.

Other events

Carson was cited in a 1982 drunk-driving incident while driving a DeLorean DMC-12 sports car in Beverly Hills. Represented by Robert Shapiro, he pleaded no contest to the charges, and played off the incident by having a uniformed police officer escort him on to the Tonight Show stage.

Carson, an amateur astronomer, was close friends with astronomer Carl Sagan, who often appeared on The Tonight Show. The unique way Sagan had of saying certain words, like "billions" of galaxies, would lead to Carson ribbing his friend, imitating his voice and saying "BILL-ions and BILL-ions", a phrase soon erroneously attributed to Sagan himself. According to Sagan's biographer, Keay Davidson, Carson was the first person to contact Sagan's wife with condolences when the scientist died in 1996. He owned several telescopes, including a Questar, considered at the time an expensive and top-of-the line telescope.

Also a talented amateur drummer, Carson was shown on a segment of 60 Minutes practicing at home on a drum set given to him by close friend jazz legend Buddy Rich who was the jazz musician with the most frequent appearances on The Tonight Show. Writer Gore Vidal, another frequent Tonight Show guest and personal friend, writes about Carson's personality in his 2006 memoirs.

Death and tributes

Johnny Carson's Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

On March 19, 1999, Carson, then 73, suffered a severe heart attack at his home in Malibu, California. Carson was sleeping when he suddenly awoke with severe chest pains. He was rushed to a hospital in nearby Santa Monica where he underwent quadruple-bypass surgery.

At 6:50 AM PST on January 23, 2005, Carson died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, of respiratory arrest arising from emphysema. He was 79 years old. Carson had revealed his illness to the public in September 2002. Following Carson's death his body was cremated, and the ashes were given to his wife. In accordance with his family's wishes, no public memorial service was held. There were countless tributes paid to Carson upon his death, including a statement by then President George W. Bush, all recognizing the deep and enduring affection held for him.

Tributes published after his death confirmed that he had been a chain-smoker. While The Tonight Show was broadcast live, he would frequently smoke cigarettes on the air; it was reported that Carson had said "these things are killing me" as far back as the 1970s.

On January 24, 2005, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno paid tribute to Carson with guests Ed McMahon, Bob Newhart, Don Rickles, Drew Carey and K.D. Lang. Letterman followed suit on January 31 with former Tonight Show executive producer Peter Lassally and bandleader Doc Severinsen. During the beginning of this show, Letterman said that for 30 years no matter what was going on in the world, no matter whether people had a good or bad day, they wanted to end the day by being "tucked in by Johnny." Letterman also told his viewers that the monologue he had just given had consisted entirely of jokes sent to him by Carson in the last few months of his life. Doc Severinsen ended the Letterman show that night by playing one of Carson's two favorite songs, "Here's That Rainy Day" (the other was "I'll Be Seeing You"). It had been reported over the decades of Carson's fame that he was, off-camera, so intensely private that he had never once invited McMahon to his home. After Carson's death, though, McMahon disputed those rumors and claimed that a close friendship existed. On his final Tonight Show appearance, Carson himself said that while sometimes people who work together for long stretches of time on television don't necessarily like each other, this was not the case with him and McMahon: They were good friends who would have dinner together, and the camaraderie that they had on the show could not be faked. Carson and McMahon were friends for 30 years.

A week or so after the tributes, Dennis Miller was on the Tonight Show and told Jay Leno about the first time he tried to host a talk show, and how miserably it went. He said that he got a call immediately after the first show, from Carson, telling him, "It's not as easy as it looks, is it, kid?"

The 2005 film The Aristocrats was dedicated to Carson, as well as the episode Mommie Beerest of The Simpsons.

References

^ Johnny Carson. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. (2009). In Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved July 30, 2009.

^ "Famous Veterans," Military.com

^ The Official Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson

^ The Johnny Carson Show at the Internet Movie Database

^ Weissman, Ginny (2002-12-01). The Dick Van Dyke Show. St. Martin's Press. pp. 6. ISBN 0312087667. 

^ http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/11/business/fi-nbc11

^ Carson v. Here's Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc., 810 F.2d 104, 105 (6th Cir. 1987)

^ Carson, Johnny (Host, Executive Producer). (2003) The Ultimate Carson Collection Vol. 3 [DVD]. USA: Carson Productions.

^ "Johnny Carson letter to Robert E. Baker". Snopes. http://67.19.222.106/radiotv/graphics/carslet.jpg. Retrieved 2008-05-11. 

^ "Zsa Zsa Gabor letter to David Mikkelson". Snopes. http://67.19.222.106/radiotv/graphics/zsalet.jpg. Retrieved 2008-05-11. 

^ "Wayne Newton on Larry King Live". CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0711/29/lkl.01.html. Retrieved 2008-05-11. 

^ http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/600.html

^ Cooper, Jr., Robert B.. (2006). Television's Pirates: Hiding Behind Your Picture Tube. 

^ Bernstein, Adam (2005-01-24). "For Decades, Comic Ruled Late-Night TV". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A30475-2005Jan23. 

^ "Carson Feeds Letterman Lines". The New York Times. http://pqarchiver.nypost.com/nypost/access/781543221.html?dids=781543221:781543221&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+20,+2005&author=Post+Wire+Services&pub=New+York+Post&edition;=&startpage=102&desc=CARSON+FEEDS+LETTERMAN+LINES. Retrieved 2008-05-11. 

^ "Carson Feeds Letterman Lines". The New York Post. http://pqarchiver.nypost.com/nypost/access/781543221.html?dids=781543221:781543221&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+20,+2005&author=Post+Wire+Services&pub=New+York+Post&edition;=&startpage=102&desc=CARSON+FEEDS+LETTERMAN+LINES. Retrieved 2008-05-11. 

^ Reader's Digest September 2005, p. 178; Book Bonus: Ed McMahon Here's Johnny, Berkley Trade, 2006 ISBN 978-0425212295

^ Pleading Poverty and Demanding Money, Johnny Carson's First Wife Tells the Sad Secrets of Her Troubled Marriage By Michelle Green, Sue Carswell, Eleanor Hoover May 7, 1990 Vol. 33 No. 18 People Magazine

^ "Video uncovers a forgotten Johnny Carson DVD". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/TV/03/20/apontv.heres.johnny.ap/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-11. 

^ "Making a World of Difference". Childrens Hospital Los Angeles. November 2008. http://www.childrenshospitalla.org/atf/cf/{1cb444df-77c3-4d94-82fa-e366d7d6ce04}/CAMPAIGNNEWS FALL 08.PDF. Retrieved 2010-01-31. 

^ Biography for Johnny Carson

^ Longtime host of onight Show dies at 79 Associated Press, February 8, 2005

^ Net mourns death of Johnny Carson Jeff Pelline CNET News February 8, 2005

^ Quotations on Johnny Carson's Death Associated Press January 23, 2005

^ Tribute To Johnny Carson Friends Return To Stage Where They And Johnny Carson Made TV Magic By Chris Hawke CBS News Burbank, Calif. January 25, 2005

^ Letterman Pays Special Tribute to Carson February 1, 2005 Associated Press

^ Fort Lauderdale By Jack Drury

^ HBO The Aristocrats Synopsis

Further reading

Accounts on work and life

Bart, Peter (1992-05-18). We Hardly Knew Ye.. Los Angeles: Variety. 

Corkery, Paul (August 1987). Carson: The Unauthorized Biography. Randt & Co. ISBN 0942101006. 

Cox, Stephen (2002-08-15). Here's Johnny: Thirty Years of Americas Favorite Late Night Entertainer. Cumberland House Publishing. ISBN 1581822650. 

De Cordova, Fred (1988-03-15). Johnny Came Lately. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0671558498. 

Hise, James Van (1992). 40 Years at Night: the Story of the Tonight Show. Movie Publisher Services. ISBN 1556983085. 

Knutzen, Erik (1992-05-21). Celebs Say Thanks, Johnny.. Herald. 

Leamer, Laurence (2005-03-29). King of the Night: The Life of Johnny Carson. Avon. ISBN 0060840994. 

McMahon, Ed (2005-10-18). Here's Johnny!: My Memories of Johnny Carson, The Tonight Show, and 46 Years of Friendship. Thomas Nelson. ISBN 1401602363. 

Smith, Ronald L. (October 1987). Johnny Carson: An Unauthorized Biography. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312010516. 

Zoglin, Richard (1992-03-16). And What A Reign It Was: In His 30 Years, Carson Was The Best.. Time. 

Humor material collections

Carson, Johnny (1965). Happiness is a Dry Martini. Double Day and Company. 

Carson, Johnny (1967). Misery is a blind date. Double Day and Company. 

Johnny Carson Collection, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

External links

United States Navy portal

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Johnny Carson

Johnny Carson at the Internet Movie Database

Johnny Carson at the Internet Broadway Database

Johnny Carson at Find a Grave

Official website for The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson

"Article on Johnny Carson". Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013161038/http://dir.salon.com/people/bc/2001/02/20/carson/index.html.  at Salon

"On Carson's contribution to Late Night". Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20071014103641/http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=online&s=siegel012405.  at The New Republic

1978 profile from The New Yorker by Kenneth Tynan

The Johnny Carson Show from USA Today

Johnny Carson biography at FilmReference.com

Posthumous Letter to Carson from Steve Martin published in The New York Times

Johnny Carson School of Theatre and Film at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Johnny Carson Death onight Show

Obituaries

CNN obituary

MSNBC obituary

Johnny Carson obituary by James Wolcott

"Johnny Carson, Low-Key King of Late-Night TV, Dies at 79". The New York Times. January 24, 2005. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/24/arts/television/24john.html?ex=1264309200&en=6f658f88eb80aabd&ei=5090. 

"A Good Friend Has Left Us". James Randi Educational Foundation. http://www.randi.org/jr/carson.html. Retrieved 2008-05-11. 

Media offices

Preceded by

Jack Paar

Host of The Tonight Show

October 1, 1962 May 22, 1992

Succeeded by

Jay Leno

Preceded by

Bob Hope

Host of the Academy Awards

197982

Succeeded by

Liza Minnelli, Dudley Moore, Richard Pryor and Walter Matthau

Preceded by

Liza Minnelli, Dudley Moore, Richard Pryor and Walter Matthau

Host of the Academy Awards

1984

Succeeded by

Jack Lemmon

v  d  e

The Tonight Show

The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (1992) The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien (episodes) The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (2010) (episodes)

Hosts

Steve Allen (19541957) Jack Paar (19571962) Johnny Carson (19621992) Jay Leno (19922009, 2010resent) Conan O'Brien (20092010)

Announcers/sidekicks

Gene Rayburn Hugh Downs Ed McMahon Edd Hall John Melendez Andy Richter Wally Wingert

Tonight Show Band

O'Brien era Leno era

Bandleaders

Skitch Henderson Jos Melis Milton DeLugg Doc Severinsen Branford Marsalis Kevin Eubanks Max Weinberg

Taping locations

Hudson Theatre NBC Studios New York NBC Studios Burbank Universal Studios Hollywood

Prime-time spinoffs

The Steve Allen Show The Jack Paar Program The Jay Leno Show

Recurring sketches

Carnac the Magnificent Floyd R. Turbo Headlines O'Brien era sketches

Production companies

Carson Productions Big Dog Productions Conaco

Related articles

Carson's Comedy Classics Late Night The Late Shift (book) The Late Shift (film) 2010 host and timeslot conflict

v  d  e

Hosts of the Academy Awards ceremonies

Bob Hope (1961)  Bob Hope (1962)  Frank Sinatra (1963)  Jack Lemmon (1964)  Bob Hope (1965)  Bob Hope (1966)  Bob Hope (1967)  Bob Hope (1968)  None (1969)  None (1970)  None (1971)  Helen Hayes / Alan King / Sammy Davis, Jr. / Jack Lemmon (1972)  Carol Burnett / Michael Caine / Charlton Heston / Rock Hudson (1973)  John Huston / Burt Reynolds / David Niven / Diana Ross (1974)  Sammy Davis, Jr. / Bob Hope / Shirley MacLaine / Frank Sinatra (1975)  Goldie Hawn / Gene Kelly / Walter Matthau / George Segal / Robert Shaw (1976)  Warren Beatty / Ellen Burstyn / Jane Fonda / Richard Pryor (1977)  Bob Hope (1978)  Johnny Carson (1979)  Johnny Carson (1980)

Complete List  (19291940)  (19411960)  (19611980)  (19812000)  (2001-present)

v  d  e

Hosts of the Academy Awards ceremonies

Johnny Carson (1981)  Johnny Carson (1982)  Liza Minnelli / Dudley Moore / Richard Pryor / Walter Matthau (1983)  Johnny Carson (1984)  Jack Lemmon (1985)  Alan Alda / Jane Fonda / Robin Williams (1986)  Chevy Chase / Goldie Hawn / Paul Hogan (1987)  Chevy Chase (1988)  None (1989)  Billy Crystal (1990)  Billy Crystal (1991)  Billy Crystal (1992)  Billy Crystal (1993)  Whoopi Goldberg (1994)  David Letterman (1995)  Whoopi Goldberg (1996)  Billy Crystal (1997)  Billy Crystal (1998)  Whoopi Goldberg (1999)  Billy Crystal (2000)

Complete List  (19291940)  (19411960)  (19611980)  (19812000)  (2001-present)

v  d  e

1993 Kennedy Center Honorees

Johnny Carson Arthur Mitchell Sir Georg Solti Stephen Sondheim Marion Williams

Persondata

NAME

Carson, Johnny

ALTERNATIVE NAMES

Carson, John William

SHORT DESCRIPTION

Talk show host

DATE OF BIRTH

October 23, 1925

PLACE OF BIRTH

Corning, Iowa

DATE OF DEATH

January 23, 2005

PLACE OF DEATH

Los Angeles

Categories: 1925 births | 2005 deaths | People from Iowa | Deaths from emphysema | American game show hosts | American stand-up comedians | American television talk show hosts | Nebraska entertainers | University of Nebraska-Lincoln alumni | United States Navy officers | American military personnel of World War II | Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients | Emmy Award winners | Kennedy Center honorees | Peabody Award winners | Television preservation | People from Adams County, IowaHidden categories: Articles that may be too long from January 2010 | Too long article | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from April 2009

KATRINA DAY, Aug. 29, 2007 - It hardly seems that two years have gone by since Katrina crushed us.

The city is still numb and battered. Our new pioneers work feverishly and defiantly to keep from sliding into a dark whirlpool of melancholy.

The network satellite trucks are back this week, some of the same ones that packed the Canal Street neutral ground in the weeks after the storm. Politicians, from the president on down, have returned to use us as a backdrop for their campaigns.

Once we measured Mardi Gras by the tons of garbage picked up on Ash Wednesday; now we measure recovery in terms of the debris removed, the percentage of population that's returned, the number of permits issued. And the frightening body count from the Post-K street wars.

Two years ago at this hour, I was squatting on the second-floor landing of the Times-Picayune building, eating a small plate of red beans and rice, watching the trees twist and crash outside, and trying to muffle the ear-splitting whistle of wind playing eerie three-note scales as the wind rose and fell.

Back at my desk in the "hurricane bunker," I was surrounded by a perfect storm of Katrina-induced horror. The generator-powered floor fans in the computer-packed room just pushed wilting hot air in our faces. From every mail link on our site, on every forum, pleas were pouring in for help. My scattered staff - along with reinforcements from other Advance Internet web sites - were working nonstop around the clock to post locations of victims in our "Cries for Help" blog, hoping that somehow, rescue teams would get the message.

Former NOLA Managing Editor Cory Haik describes this vividly in a Seattle Times front page story today:

"We were cutting and pasting to beat the water. And when I force myself to think about the faces behind those messages, I still break down." "We were cutting and pasting to beat the water. And when I force myself to think about the faces behind those messages, I still break down."

At some point, in response to mail from a reader in fear for a relative, I posted that I understood . . . my daughter was missing, too. For those who are praying, I said, her name is Sarah. Later that day, networks had picked up her photo as a face of the storm. Some family members first learned of her peril on cable news. Days later, I was on a live call on network news when my daughter was delivered to me in Baton Rouge. The newscaster and I both cried. (Listen to Sarah's story)

A week ago, in preparation for this week's anniversary of Katrina, I found the perfect place to reflect on the storm and it's aftermath, flying with the Hurricane Hunters into the heart of Hurricane Dean.

A WEEK EARLIER, Aug. 21, 2007 . . .

"What's your total weight?" Airman First Class Tabitha Spinks looks at me encouragingly, pen poised over the clipboard, smile as sweet as a Ponchatoula strawberry beignet. I'm flummoxed, but figure that when they're calculating out how many pounds I'm packing onto a plane headed into a hurricane, it's probably best to tell the truth.

"Ah, that'll be a total of give or take two-fifty," I mumble. "One-fifty for me, and a hundred for my gear . . ."

She chokes back a snicker.

"We're not keeping records," she says.

It's about 1430 on Aug. 21, 2007. Some 700 miles south, Hurricane Dean has hammered ashore in the Yucatan Peninsula as a monster Category 5 storm. Four journalists - a two-person team from NOLA, a guy from CNN and a Houston correspondent for Televisa - are ready to board a WC-130J Hurricane Hunter from Keesler AFB (Biloxi) and catch Dean coming off the Yucatan into the Bay of Campeche. We'll be tagging along as the Hurricane Hunters fly repeatedly across the heart of the storm, collecting vital readings used to help the National Hurricane Center develop its forecasts and tracking maps.

In late August, two years after Katrina, it's been a little creepy watching the far-flung bands from Tropical Storm Erin drift overhead, while Dean steamrolls through the Caribbean, picking up strength. Dean is moving at breakneck speed for a hurricane, and there is no chance it will threaten New Orleans. But there are flashbacks to Katrina.

Obviously the best cure for flashbacks is hitching a ride with the Hurricane Hunters and paying the storm a visit.

My last trip with the 53rd Weather Recon Squad was four years ago, flying into then-Tropical Storm Claudette as it emerged from the Yucatan Peninsula, somewhat disorganized with several centers of circulation. Claudette strengthened into a hurricane before striking the Texas coast around Port O'Connor. In 2003, I was struck by the contrast between the partygoers along the casino beach with its bright neon and music - and the somber aircrews flying around the clock across the Gulf of Mexico, back and forth through the storm, and passing the next plane on the way home. Two different worlds.

Now, however, while some casinos are open, disaster is a shared reality. Biloxi, like the rest of the coast, is shredded. Searching for lunch - even fast-food - entails a drive almost to Gulfport. Aboard our flight this evening, a number of crew members remember me from four years ago. Many had flown into Katrina repeatedly as she neared landfall. Maj. Matt Baker, a veteran pilot, flew my Claudette mission. This evening, he's spending much time napping and reading on the way to Dean. While he was flying missions into Katrina, his wife and daughters fled to Alabama. The family lost everything in the Biloxi area, and they were finally due to return to the Mississipi Coast around the two-year anniversary of the storm.

———–

With the weather briefing and mission huddle finished, Airman Tabitha escorts us out to the WC-130J numbered "3508." We clamber aboard and buckle ourselves to the canvas seats attached to the walls. There are delays . . . some equipment not working. Maj. Matt squats beside us to explain. "This plane is just a big computer," he says. "Basically we've got to reboot the plane." The dropsonde operator's station features a computer screen. There's a Windows welcome screen. Reboot is a familiar concept, and not a comforting one. The plane "shuts down" like a giant PC that's gotten a CTRL/ALT/DEL. Then it starts the reboot. More discussion from the crew. Evidently the reboot doesn't work.

Off to the side, I hear one of the pilots say we can't fly into a hurricane without de-icing capability. True dat. Ice seems a remote probability in the choking heat of this August afternoon. Nevertheless, I'm thinking, de-icing capability is a good thing.

In the end, we wait while a tanker loads 25,000 lbs of fuel and prepares the second plane down the line - "3506″ - for takeoff.

We clamber up drop-down steps - wrestling my "hundred pounds" of gear through the small hatch - and move into the cargo area, where we have our choice of red canvas seats. The tail ramp is open, and I joke about hooking up the static line and making a parachute drop. There are no parachutes, of course. Earlier in the day, after we signed waivers absolving the government of liability for our carcasses, MSgt. Randy Bynon, the flight's loadmaster, cheerfully sketched the procedures for an emergency. The checklist involves lots of prayer as you ride the plane down to the storm-tossed ocean, at which time MSgt. Randy will help you into a life raft.

That evidently has never happened, however. Wired.com this July rated Hurricane Hunting as the No. 3 "Best Dangerous Science Job." (The little icon of a plane with its wing ripped off, spinning down into a vortex is a little over the edge.) MSgt. Randy notes that the hurricane-force winds aren't a problem - and says that the bigger, stronger storms can actually provide a steady ride. A C-130 flying 300 mph on a calm day, for instance, is already facing "wind" at double the strength of a major hurricane. What gets you, though, is the turbulence . . . the mismatch of winds and currents.

There's been at least one close call, as a Hurricane Hunter flight - in a P3 aircraft - narrowly escaped disaster during Hurricane Hugo in 1989. An NOAA article describes the scare: That day, one of the P-3's four engines started spitting fire; the plane was caught in a tornadic updraft and spun about. Those aboard feared structural failure, with potential loss of a wing or other essential part. With the P-3's nose pointed downward and just 700 feet above the ocean, the pilot was able to regain control and pull the aircraft up intact to 1,000 feet. An Air Force Reserves C-130, which was also flying the storm, led the crippled craft back through the eyewall to safety.

On this flight, after a tranquil glide over a sunset-painted ocean, we began feeling the turbulence as we descended to 10,000 feet, somewhere north of the Yucatan. Then we began a steady roller-coaster ride, rocking from side to side, dropping suddenly, giving a feeling of weightlessness, then bounding upward, pushing us down into our seats.

Flying through the storm is a bit like sitting on a washing machine on spin cycle with a slightly off-center load, while a shop vac howls next to your ears. Ear plugs are provided. The worst turbulence comes several hours into the flight, as we punch out of the eye into the northeastern eyewall.

I'm standing behind the weather officer, watching the windspeed move from dead calm back to hurricane strength. My "sea legs" are keeping me steady as the plane bounces. I'm one cool dude. Suddenly the plane jerks upward, as if I'm on an elevator that suddenly leaps ten stories. I collapse straight down into a sitting position. I nonchalantly look about as if nothing has happened. The dropsonde operators and media look at me. I grab a headset and hear the flight desk asking if everyone is all right.

"We've got one down," says MSgt. Randy looking at me. "But he's OK." Guess I'm not fooling anyone.

Measurement of the hurricane is an intriguing process . . . if you're hooked on tracking hurricanes on your refrigerator map, this is your cup of tea. This is where the dropsonde operators and the weather officer do their stuff. In the movie "Twister," the team of storm-chasers race madly around Tornado Alley, trying to position a canister full of sensors into the twister's path. Once they're sucked into the vortex, they send out information vital to studying tornadoes.

The Hurricane Hunter's a bit like that, only the plane flies directly into the storm and shoots an electronics-packed cylinder called a dropsonde out of its belly. As the dropsonde descends by parachute, it spits out streams of data that are relayed to the dropsonde station, then to the weather officer, who translates the numbers into critical information about the storm's severity and path.

There are two boxes of dropsondes strapped in behind the operator's station. Each instrument is encased in pink bubble wrap and a metallic anti-static bag. Tech Sgt. Vincent Burden prepares the first half-dozen cylinders by carefully unwrapping and setting them into slots above the computer screen. The instruments are connected to the computer one at a time for activation and tracking. As the plane approaches the area believed to be the eye of the storm, the dropsonde is placed into the launcher, a five-foot tube pointing up from the floor of the plane. Dropsonde operators load it by pulling handles to "cock" the spring-loaded launcher, inserting the instrument and pushing downward on the handles to lock things into place. Fully locked and loaded, the launcher is ready to lay its first egg.

On one screen, we watch the plane's avatar pushing through familiar color-coded Doppler radar bands. Watch the wind speed, the operators tell us. The wind speed outside shows 89 knots . . . then 60 . . . then 29 . . . then 2 knots . . . almost dead calm. We're in the eye. The dropsonde operator pulls up his launch screen, complete with a click-to-launch button. WHANG! The first drop comes as a shock . . . sounds like someone slamming a cinder block onto the hood of a car. Oh my gawd, I think, we lost a wing!

The jumpiness doesn't leave . . . you know the WHAM! is coming, but you're never quite prepared. Data is now streaming in. I have no clue. But as I stand behind the weather officer, eventually he massages the data into reports I've seen coming from the National Hurricane Center . . . still in techno-gobble, but recognizable as weather data.

————-

The wind speed leaps back into life . . . 4 knots . . . 26 . . . 73 . . . 87 . . . and the plane is buffeted by turbulence as it adjusts to the newly strengthened wind. The long night is just beginning, as the Hurricane Hunter flies in giant triangles covering the entire Bay of Campeche, crossing the eye time and again. WHANG! WHANG! WHANG! The dropsondes continue, while the plane leaps in the up- and down-drafts for about six hours.

At some point, all the media folks and our escort, Airman Tabitha, are sleeping the long watch away. I'm not sleeping. I'm laying on my back, alternately weightless and pressed hard into the red canvas, eyes closed and reliving the desperate days of Katrina and our hard-fought survival. This is the perfect place to remember. Every so often, at least for a moment, we find peace in the center of the storm.

 

 

 

Let's look at what clinical trial means, I borrowed this from wikipedia.org

Clinical trials are conducted to allow safety and efficacy data to be collected for new drugs or devices. These trials can only take place once satisfactory information has been gathered on the quality of the product and its non-clinical safety, and Health Authority/Ethics Committee approval is granted in the country where the trial is taking place. Depending on the type of product and the stage of its development, investigators enroll healthy volunteers and/or patients into small pilot studies initially, followed by larger scale studies in patients that often compare the new product with the currently prescribed treatment. As positive safety and efficacy data are gathered, the number of patients is typically increased. Clinical trials can vary in size from a single center in one country to multicenter trials in multiple countries.

The following products all use the same base molecular structure and are grouped into the same family of phenethylamines.Medical descriptions of Phenethylamine (PEA) are a natural monoamine alkaloid, trace amine, and psychoactive drug with stimulant effects. In the mammalian central nervous system is a type or family of from the basic same family, with similar or identical ingredients. In laymen's terms Phenethylamine (PEA) is a stimulant; it works on your central nervous system to increase heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature or metabolic functions.

Here are some of the products that you probably are familiar with and have heard something about and some you may not recognize at all, but all are form of pen family. Do they all act similar and identical in manner for the most part? (Yes). Now Phentemine375™ also uses a (PEA) molecular structure just like the others. You need to understand that there are many possible combinations of ingredients used in the manufacturing pharmaceutical quality products, each product may include or exclude one or another based upon their specific requirements.
Think of it as baking a cake, you may decide to use pecans and another may opt for walnuts. Both are excellent cakes and basically are identical.(Right)!!!

Phentemine375™ just like the simplified explanation of the two cakes being baked is basically the same. When we are discussing the use of (PEA) molecular structure in there chemical or molecular makeup, these are all products from the same family; phentemine, Adipex-P, Ionamin , Phentermine , Micromedex , Phentermine, Adiphene , Phentermine, Adipex-P, Ionamin, Duromine . All of these products are chemically similar in there composition, if not identical. Other are modified to meet the respective governmental agencies stipulations. Some however have been slightly modified and additional ingredients added.Phen375 has three other main or active ingredients added .The others mentioned in this discussion do not have our proprietary ingredients in there formulations. This is what really makes Phentemine375™ a supper product, while others have just been rebranded or renamed. Basically the majority you recognize by their name brands or generics name. Phentemine375™ in reality has addressed some additional issues as well that were left out by the other pharmaceutical manufactures.

The products we are discussing all have clinical trial or pilot data, well established and documented. Phentemine375™ was not required by the FDA or EFSA , Why simply because there are hundreds already completed , it's been determined they are safe for human consumption in correct quantities.

What happens in clinical trials? Basically X amount of product has been consumed by X amount of people and you get the Y amount of complaints received data compiled. Depending on that information each pharmaceutical or biotech company will then make decision based on that data. They will submit those finding to their respective governmental agencies and often publish there findings to the public on their findings.

Some will have small control groups while other will have a more formal clinical trial lasting for many years and hundreds if not thousands of participants. Phentemine375™ is currently gathering data or pilot data but not regarding the use of (PEA) Phenethylamine . There is more than enough data regarding it already and simply no need to do another one, it's already been approved for use for human consumption. It's sort of like saying water is wet, it can only be wet or can it be more wetter than normal, No it cannot be wetter can it ? www.phen375.com does plan to go through clinical trials, but only once we have accumulated sufficient pilot data on additional ingredients used in our proprietary formulation of Phentemine375™. This is to show the tremendous weight loss that is being reported back to us. On average participant and clients are averaging five pounds per week, when accompanied with phen375 diet plan recommended to be used with our Phentemine375™ product.

Phenethylamines (PEA) possible side effects

All medicines containing phenethylamines(PEA) may cause side effects. But many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects are not considered to be minor. In many cases the effects diminish after a few doses but if the side effects persist or become bothersome when using phenethylamines stop use and consult your doctor.

Bad taste in mouth bitter similar to a chemical or gasoline taste; changes in sex drive often increases erections in males due to the increased blood pressure created by the stimulation of the nervous system; constipation; diarrhea; difficulty sleeping; dizziness; dry mouth; exaggerated sense of well being; headache; impotence; nervousness; overstimulation; restlessness; sleeplessness; upset stomach. severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); bizarre behavior; chest pain; fainting; fast heartbeat; pounding in the chest; shortness of breath; swelling of the legs and feet; tremor. Cardiovascular: Primary pulmonary hypertension and/or regurgitant cardiac valvular disease, palpitation, tachycardia, elevation of blood pressure. Central Nervous rarely psychotic episodes at recommended doses.

Phenethylamines(PEA) produces nervous system stimulation . This was taken from a published study of phentermine , Fifty women with refractory obesity received phentermine resinate for a period of 20 weeks. Three defaulted from the study due to incapacitating headaches without significant change in blood pressure. Two additional patients defaulted due to complaints of irritability.A double-blind clinical trial of phentermine and fenfluramine involving 81 people with simple obesity reported several CNS complaints from patients taking phentermine resin during the study (twenty six complaints during the first 6 weeks of the study). The number of complaints diminished with time over the course of the study. Only seven complaints of CNS effects were reported at 20 weeks. Complaints reported by patients include sleep difficulties, nervousness, depression, fatigue and increased dreaming.

Now you understand hopefully this is just one of hundreds of clinical trials studies already published. It's been very well documented and as you can see we are not trying to hide anything. I could have filled pages and pages with studies but they are all basically the same. Does Phenethylamines(PEA) work YES, does it come with possible side effects of course. It would be impossible to stimulate your metabolism without incurring and possible side effects. If you did a clinical trial on Coke, Chocolate or even Pizza you are going to get similar side effects. Now certainly if you have any illness you should consult with your doctor before taking any type of stimulate.

In conclusion we have discovered that Phenethylamines(PEA) are very strong stimulates to our nervous system. We know that Phentemine375™ uses Phenethylamines(PEA) in its formulation also. Now the evidence of all the clinical studies, blind trials all show the same effects when using Phenethylamines(PEA). Phentemine375™ will be no different; we will have similar if not exactly the same side effects. I also want to point out the obvious, if the product does not have these possible side effects it's probably not going to work. How can you stimulate the metabolism using stimulates without side effects? You cannot, just try drinking decaffeinated coffee, it's had the stimulate molecule removed and no longer effects your central nervous system. Decaffeinated coffee will not keep you awake, it cannot physically because its stimulate effect is no longer there. The opposite is true for phen375 we have added pharmaceutical grade synthesized compounds to increase your metabolism and fat burning experience. Now you have read the facts, we did not publish them, but we use the same Phenethylamines(PEA) stimulate . Now you can rest assured it will work the truth undisputable thousands upon thousands of people's experiences cannot all be wrong.

The 6 step system that will have you creating beautiful drawings, even if right now, you can't draw a stick figure!
In fact anyone who needs to understand the basic skills of drawing but doesn't know where to start.   At last! a Surefire proven skill based system that cuts the time you spend trying to get started with your drawings.

These unique techniques get you in full control no matter what your current skill level.The simple skill system taught to over 2,000 art and design students, teachers and illustrators over the past 18 years.

Get maximum impact from your ideas quickly, easily, and confidently !

Jenni Gibson is an artist and author with many skills which are all related to the ability to draw.  She also have many years of teaching behind her in Schools and Universities and she still do commissioned work and have clients.
She is an Author and Illustrator – with published works commissioned by several publishing companies.Studio with books, drawings and artwork .
she also write Design, Multimedia and IT Courses for colleges and schools. Teaching subjects include:
Nationally accredited training subjects in Dip GD, MM, IT
Drawing – technical and commercial illustration
Dreamweaver Intro and Advanced web development
Flash Intro and Advanced animation and interactive projects
Freehand Intro and Advanced
Fireworks Intro and Advanced
Corel Draw Intro and Advanced
InDesign
Photoshop
Web authoring and CSS
Multimedia
She have been the Art Director and Editor for an internationally recognized company and the Project Manager and Editor of a prize-winner in the Asia Pacific I T & T Awards.

As she said:

My First Student

The very first student I taught was myself and so drawing seems very natural to me.

I have watched others attempt to do these things that I find so pleasantly effortless and have noticed that nearly all people go about it in a different way.

For this reason I produced a series of workshops which begin right at the very beginning.

If you can hold a pen in your hand, you can learn to draw well.

Even if you can't draw two simple lines you'll be able to improve by using these exercises.

I have taken people of all ages from preschoolers to people in their 70s and in 20 minutes or less I would see the light come on in their eyes when they suddenly realise that this process works and works for them and that they can, despite all previous experiences to the contrary, draw in ways that are pleasing to them.

Here's a simple case study in picture format.
Pandanus used for drawing lesson     First drawing attempt     Second drawing attempt

Pandanus Palms are palms with leaves that cluster at the top of the branches and can be complex to decipher in relation to perspective and proportion as the pictures above show.

Confidence with line placement dramatically improves the look of any drawing.
So just how do you develop this all important confidence?

One of the first secrets is learning how to work without an eraser.  Knowing where to place the pen in the first place is one of the secrets to being able to draw.  Confidence allows you to draw with flourish and that sense of unleashing your creative flow.

It was evident that so many people did not have the opportunity to take time out and seek a great teacher to impart enough knowledge to get started.

There are great art classes you can attend but many people are too embarrassed by their level of skills to front up to an art class.

There are great art books you can buy but they usually begin at a level which is already beyond the reach of many developing artists.  In frustration you may just stay where you are with limited or negligible skill and decide that anything more is just beyond you.

The foundation of knowing how to draw with confidence is of immense value to graphic designers, web developers, school teachers, painters, business people, hobbyists, interior designers, creative professionals, parents, students, teacher aides and school librarians in fact anyone who want to draw.
Why did I write these books in the first place?

I was illustrating a set of books for a publisher who asked me how I got so good at drawing.  I told him.
He said "Would you like to write a series of books for us?"
I said "Yep."
I wrote the series.  I hold the electronic rights.  I now make this series available to you at a fraction of the cost of the printed books and I've added some other goodies to go with.

In response to a request from a publisher for whom I was illustrating a series of books, I decided to create my own drawing exercises based on a workshop approach, except you can follow these successfully without an instructor.
The concept is to allow you, the student, to draw what you see or what your "mind's eye sees".

I spent over two years documenting the methods that I teach and how to best get the fundaments across to students without needing me to be present in person.  This allows for everybody to have the same beneficial instruction no matter where you are.

Using these exercises at workshops I was able to determine that 100% of the people working with these particular exercises were able to draw past their initial expectations.
Draw they did, and have gone on to learn more by raising their level of skills in order to feel confident enough to attend regular art classes, which had previously seemed too daunting.  The desired effect was that I wanted everybody to be given the best opportunity to bring their drawing skills to the fore.

This method is proven and is no longer an experiment because it has been used in all teaching environments with absolute measured success.
To draw with a pen, now that requires a set of skills far above the confidence level of most artists.

I see people tentatively sketching out rough lines and then reaching for the eraser.  This means that they did not know where to place the pen in the first instance.

They also do not know what perspective the drawing should be in and they do not understand scale.  Unless you have a natural ability with these concepts you are unable to put pen to paper in order to create a satisfying drawing.

In the same way that learning your alphabet is what allows you to spell and therefore write, learning confidence with line, angle and proportion allows you to develop drawing skills that will underpin every creative process for you.

You can learn to draw and these books teach you!

Ask youself :

Do you have great ideas but cannot express them visually to your own satisfaction?

Are you a teacher who would love to be able to pass on some genuinely valuable skills to your class?

Do you often procrastinate, putting off your projects because "it's just too hard"?

Do you have difficulty transferring the image you see in your mind's eye onto the page in front of you?

Do you often wonder if there is a better way to teach yourself or your class how to actually draw and better still to enjoy the process?

Do you feel that your artworks are just not good enough to display with confidence?

Do you worry that your poor drawing skills may make your designs look unprofessional?

Do you often sit staring at a blank page wondering where to start?

You would have answered "yes" to many of the questions above.It's not your fault! Because you were never taught a structured process, such as that used to learn your A B C to make drawing enjoyable and satisfying.

You see, the trouble is, you may never be taught how to apply skills that get the results you want. And without the proper training, the end result is often dissatisfying, and sometimes downright embarrassing. Now , All you have to do is apply a proven, structured, step-by-step process, and follow a few simple rules.

The mysterious thing is that once you begin to train yourself using this formula your own creative talent comes to life and you find your skills grow exponentially. It begins with something simple and becomes an exciting journey of your own discovery.

Here's your ticket to discovering your own surprising drawing abilities.

Let us share the 6 secrets of artist's skills with you – The ABC of Art Skills .

THE ABC of ART SKILLS is now available to you and everyone else who has the desire to draw with speed and confidence.  Now it is no longer elusive.  You see, we all can learn to draw knowing that this simple system has been proven and has a track record of succes .

Not only will you have the Six Secrets of Art Skills – that have never been offered together before, but you will also gain vital drawing knowledge which cannot be learnt without a Professional Artist or an Accomplished Seasoned Art Teacher with Extensive Skills in both Art and Teaching.

At a Glance :

CONFIDENCE – the power of the line.It's good to learn early that the eraser might be your enemy.
PATIENCE – crosshatching a cast of thousands.How do you represent shadow to give a 3D effect?  What does light do and how do I draw it?
FOCUS – Declutter focus, squint and observe. Why is it that an artist seems to see the world differently?  Quite often it is because they look at it differently.
OBSERVATION & DETAIL
Observation exercises.What is it that we actually see?
ASSEMBLY – Putting it all together.There are many parts to creating a great drawing or painting.
RELEASE THE ARTIST WITHIN   Sleep on it.Like a trainee pilot you've been going through a predetermined simulator and now your creative right brain is taxiing down the runway,  preparing to take off and cover new ground; the territory of your inner artist,  now you are becoming an Artist with the Secret Skill.

In the kit, you receive:

1. The 6 self-taught secrets to successful, professional art skills that have never been offered together before.

2. A step-by-step process that begins at the very beginning level of skill. Never again will you sit in front of a blank drawing sheet wondering where to start.

3. A complete set of black line master exercises that you can print out and make as many copies as you require for class use or your own practice.

4. Tips on good materials that do the job well to free you from buying things you don't need trying to achieve better results.

5. Notes to help you assess your class (or yourself!) before you begin and as you progress through the course.

"The exercises in this system are simple enough for primary school age students yet valuable enough for university students and adults.

Order now and you will also receive:

To ensure that ‘Those wanting to Draw' get all the materials needed to get started and move forward for Free. This book alone is valued at $54.95.

And this book is the first stage of learning. The next is The ABC of Art Skills System !

See more about The ABC of Art Skills system  Click Here!